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Macy Bombard Literature-based reading program: Organized around the following; Core Books: a set of books that is read by an entire grade level of students.  Literature Units: A theme is chosen such as genre, author, or a conceptual theme. The theme is chosen by the teacher. A collection of books that surround the theme areContinue reading “Ch. 12: Bringing Children and Text Together”

Macy Bombard Relationships between reading and writing and what the research states: Students should be invited to read what they write, and write about what they are reading. Both are language and experience based. Both require active involvement from language learners. Some conclusions about relationship between reading and writing: Reading and writing processes are correlated,Continue reading “Chapter 11: Reading – Writing Connections”

Macy Bombard Informational Text: Conveys factual information meant to increase an individual’s knowledge of subject matter. (textbooks, how-to books, manuals, newspaper, magazines, reports, summaries, online sources, books about science, history, social studies, and the arts). Textbooks are the most common source of informational text in classrooms with internet sources as a close second. Academic Language:Continue reading “Chapter 10: Comprehending Informational Text”

Macy Bombard Narrative Text: considered fiction. Genres include:mysteries, fantasies, fairy tales, science fiction, myth, and folk tales. Some can include both fact and fiction Elements In A Story:  Beginning event- an idea or action that sets the scene for further events Internal Response (followed by goal or problem)- character’s inner reaction to the beginning event.Continue reading “Ch. 9: Comprehending Narrative Text”

Macy Bombard Aptitude Hypothesis: Signal importance of reading aloud to children and immersing them in written language Knowledge Hypothesis: Signal importance of reading aloud to children and immersing them in written language Instrumental Hypothesis: If word meanings are taught well, students will find comprehending material to be much easier Vocabulary: the words we use, recognize,Continue reading “Chapter 8: Vocabulary Knowledge and Concept Development”

Macy Bombard Fluency: Reading easily and well. Ability to decode and comprehend at the same time. Less important aspects are accuracy and speed. 3 Dimensions: Accuracy  word decoding: sound out word in text with few errors Automatic Processing (automaticity):  Reader uses minimal effort in decoding, meaning more focus is on comprehension Prosody:  Intonation, pitch, stress,Continue reading “Chapter 7: Reading Fluency”

Macy Bombard Used Interchangeably: Word Attack  Word Analysis Word recognition Decoding All of these terms can be used interchangeably to define word identification  All suggest act of translating print into speech through analysis of letter-sound relationships Phonics Word Identification: Putting a name or label on words that are encountered in print. Encompasses use of multipleContinue reading “Chapter 6: Word Identification”

Macy Bombard High-Stakes Testing: standardized reading assessment. Consequences, good or bad result in promotion or tension decisions based on performance. Intended to provide the public with a guarantee that students can perform at a level necessary to function in society. Authentic Assessment: done with reading and writing tasks that look to be real, student isContinue reading “Chapter 5: Assessing Reading Performance”

Macy Bombard Emergent Literacy: Concept supporting that learning to read is a result of a home environment where a child begins to learn about reading and writing from birth through observing and interacting with adults and other children. Assumes children are born ready to learn about literacy and that learning about literacy is an ongoingContinue reading “Chapter 4: Foundations of Language and Literacy”

Macy Bombard ENGED 370 Translanguaging: View of English language learning characterized by speaking one language then switching to another language during communication. Can be referred to as LOTE In the classroom can provide safe environment for ELL students while also fostering academic achievement Instructional Strategies for Students Speaking Diverse Languages:  Label the classroom with theContinue reading “Chapter 3: Meeting the Literacy Needs Of Diverse Learners”